The Use of Scanning Electron Microscope in Forensic Sciences

Authors

  • Bora Büken , Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Düzce Tıp Fakültesi Adli Tıp Anabilim Dalı
  • Hüseyin Bülent Üner , İstanbul Üniversitesi Adli Tıp Enstitüsü
  • Ümit Çetinkaya , İstanbul Üniversitesi Adli Tıp Enstitüsü
  • Ahmet Sadi Çağdır , Adli Tıp Kurumu Başkanlığı
  • Şerife Bilge Kırangil , Adli Tıp Kurumu Başkanlığı

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17986/blm.200161449

Keywords:

scanning electron microscope, forensic sciences, x-ray analysis

Abstract

As in many fields of science and technology, with advancing technology some new investigation methods in forensic sciences have come in to use and by using these techniques "the concepts of crime and offender" have begun to be assessed in the context of evidence. One of the advanced tecniques used in the investigation of evidence is the electron microscopy. In this article, after mentioning the electron microscope briefly, studies that can be performed by the electron microscope are presented. The authors have mentioned the electron microscope facilities that can be used for the investigation of forensic cases.

Key Words: Scanning electron microscope, forensic sciences, x-ray analysis.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Taylor M.E. Scanning Electron Microscopy in Forensic Science, J. Forensic Sei Soc, 1973: 13 : 269-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-7368(73)70825-2

Miller F, Dillon TJ, Smith MK. Concepts in physics. Third Ed. Horcourt Brace Javanovich İne. Newyork, Chicago, Sanfransisco, Atlanta, Dallas and London. 1980: 442.

Bradford LW, Davaney J. Scanning Electron Microscopy Applications in Criminalistics, J. Forensic Sei,1970:15: 110-9.

Cued BCB. The early History and Development of The Scanning Electron Microscope, http:// www2.eng.cam.ac.uk/ -bcb/history.html.

Scanning Microscope History http://www2.eng.cam.ac.uk/bcb/history.html.

Bibliography (Under Construction) http:// www2.eng.cam.ac.uk/ -beb / bibwebl.html.

Oatley C. Pioner of Scanning electron Microscopy http:// w'ww2.eng. cam. ac. uk/ -bcb/cwol.html.

Ener C. Denel Fizik, Şirketi Mürettebiye Basım Evi, İstanbul. 1969; : 417, 425-7.

Sears FW. Fizik prensipleri III (optik), ( Çev. N. Kürkçüoğlu). Berksoy Matbaası, İstanbul. 1963: 296- 301.

Özkan OT. TÜBİTAK. Marmara Bilimsel Araştırma Enstitüsü, Malzeme Araştırma Ünitesi, Tarayıcı Elektron Mikroskop (SEM) ve Elektron Mikro-Prob Analiz (EMA) Tekniklerinin Geliştirilmesi Geliştirme Raporu 1, Proje Nr: 04-7611-2, Marmara Bilimsel ve Endüstriyel Araştırma Enstitüsü Matbaası, Gebze. 1976: 3-5.

Erbengi T. Dokuların elektron mikroskobu için hazırlanması, İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi 8. Kurultayı- Yedinci Elektron Mikroskopi Kongresi Kongre Kitapçığı 1985: 123-8.

Jeol 5600 E.M. Kullanım Klavuzu, Jeol Ltd, Jeol Technics Ltd., Masashino 2-Cheme, Akishiama-Shi, Tokyo,196-0021, Japan, 1997: 6- 38.

http://www.jeol.com/SEM/56001v.html.

http://emsdiasum.com/ems/holder.html.

http://emsdiasum.com/ems/SEM/ standart, html.

Soysal Z, Kolusayın Ö, Çetin G, Azmak D Elbise incelemesi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Mecmuası, 1994; 54: 405-31-

Choudhry MY, Kingston DC, Kobilinski L, De Forrest PR. Individual characterictics of chemically modified human hairs revealed by scanning electron microscopy J. Forensic Sei 1982: 2: 293-306. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1520/JFS11510J

Ohm BE, Ohm BI Bibliography of scanning electron microscopy application in forensic Medicine, Scanning Electron Microscope, 1983: 1: 305-9.

Gökdemir K. Elektron Mikroskobu İle Kriminal Olayların Aydınlatılması. İçişleri Bakanlığı Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü, Kriminal Polis Laboratuvarları Daire Başkanlığı. Ankara, 1995: 22. 36, 37, 44, 50, 66, 76, 82.

M Green, Knight B. The use of scanning electron microscopy in the dating of human skaletal remains LDM nokes, J. Forensic Sei Soc, 1987 27: 413-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-7368(87)72790-X

Pachar JV, Cameron JM. Scanning Electron Microscopy: Application in the Identification of Diatoms in Cases of Drowning, J. Forensic Sei, 1992: 37: 860-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1520/JFS11998J

Lunetta P, Penttila A, Hallfors G. Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopical Evidence of The Capacity of Diatoms to Penetrate The Alveolo-Capil- lary Barier in Drowning, int J. Legal Med, 1998; 111: 229-37.

Fatteh A. Handbook of Forensic Pathology, J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, Toronto, 1973:161-3.

Yorulmaz C, Çakalır C. Suda Boğulma. İçinde: Soysal Z, Çakalır C. (Ed.) Adli Tıp Cilt I, İstanbul Üniversitesi Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Yayınları, Rektörlük No: 4165, Fakülte No: 224, İstanbul, 1999: 459-74.

Knight B. Simpson Adli Tıp, Birgen, N. (Çev. Ed.) Bilimsel ve Teknik Yayınlar Çeviri Vakfı Basım ve Cilt Evi, İstanbul, 1995: 174-7.

Yavuz MF. Cinsel Saldırı Olgularının Değerlendirilmesinde Yeni Bir Yaklaşım, Adli Tıp Dergisi, 1996 12: 155-60.

Kırangil B, Soysal Z, Sözen MŞ. Livata Olgularında İlk Tıbbi Muayenenin Önemi ve Livata İddiası Bulunan 228 Olgunun Retrospektif Değerlendirilmesi, Adli Tıp Dergisi, 1992: 8: 15-29-

Lachia EE, Ferrer R. Study of semen stains by scanning electron microscopy, influence of their ageing, Forensic Sei Int,1998:91: 35-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0379-0738(97)00176-X

Atasoy S. Lekelerde Sperm İdantifikasyonu, Adli Tip Dergisi, 1989: 5: 49-66.

Üner HB. Ateşli Silah Artıkları, Adli Tıp Dergisi, 1993 9: 83-9.

Üner HB, Şam B, Çerkezoğlu A, Kurtaş Ö, Uysal C. Atış Yapan Eldeki Barut Artıklarının Lokalizasyonu: Deneysel bir Çalışma. 8. Ulusal Adli Tıp Günleri, Antalya, Poster Sunuları Kitabı, 1995: 27-30.

Üner HB, Çerkezoğlu A, Şam B. Sodyum Rodizonat Testi: Atış Artıklarındaki Ağır Metaller İçin Spesifik Bir Test. Adli Tıp Bülteni, 1997: 2: 52-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17986/blm.199722223

Krishnan SS. Detection of Gunshot Residue, Present Status in Forensic Medicine Handbook. Saferstein ed, Prentice Hall, Canada, 1993: 586-8.

Fisher BAJ. Techniques of Crime Scene investigation. Fifth ed.CRC Press Washington DC, 1980: 278-80

DiMaio VJM. Gunshot Wounds; Practical Aspects of Firearms, Ballistics and Forensic Medicine. Second Edition, CRC Press. Washington DC, 1999: 334-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420048377

Basu S. Formation of Gunshot Residues. J. Forensic Sei, 1982: 27 :72-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1520/JFS11453J

White RS, Owens AD. Automation of Gunshot Residue Detection and Analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy/ Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (SEM/ EDX) J.Forensic Sei, 1987: 32: 1595-603. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1520/JFS11219J

Wolten GM, Nesbitt RS. On the Mechanism of Gunshot Residue Particle Formation. J.Forensic Sei, 1980: 25: 533-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1520/JFS11255J

Ueyama M, Taylor RL. Noguchi TT. SEM/EDS Analysis of Muzzle Deposits at Different Target Distances Scanning Electron Microscopy, 1980:1 : 367-74.

Owens AD. A Réévaluation of the Aerospace Corporation Final Report on Particle Analysis- When to stop Searching for Gunshot Residue (GSR), J. Forensic Sei, 1990: 35: 698-705. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1520/JFS12875J

Singer RL, Davis, Houck MM. A Survey of Gunshot Residue Analysis Methods, J. Forensic Sei, 1996: 41: 195-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1520/JFS15412J

Gansau H, Becker U. Semi- Automatic Detection of Gunshot Residue by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis. Scanning Electron Microscopy, 1982:1 : 104-7.

Germani MS. Evaluation of instrumental Parameters for Automated Scanning Electron Microscopy/Gun- shot Residue Particle Analysis. J.Forensic Sei, 1991: 36: 331-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1520/JFS13035J

Wolten G.M, Nesbitt RS, Calloway AR, Loper GL, Jones PF. Particle Analysis for the Detection of Gunshot Residue I: Scanning Electron Microscopy/ Energy Dispersive X-Ray Characterization of Hand Deposits from Firing. J. Forensic Sei, 1979: 24: 409-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1520/JFS10848J

Lantz PE, Jerome WG, Jaworski JA. Radiopaque Deposits Surrounding a Contact Small- Caliber Gunshot Wound. Am. J. Forensic Med. and Pathol, 1994: 15:10-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00000433-199403000-00003

Zeichner A, Levin N, Springer E. Gunshot Residue Particles Formed by Using Different Types of Ammunition in the Same Firearm, J. Forensic Sei, 1991: 36:1020-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1520/JFS13117J

Tassa M, Leist Y, Steinberg M. Characterization of Gunshot Residues by X-Ray Diffraction. J. Forensic Sei, 1987: 32: 677-83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1520/JFS12175J

Tillman WL. Automated Gunshot residue Particle Search and Characterization, J. Forensic Sei, 1987 : 32: 62-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1520/JFS12327J

Andrasko J, Pettersson S. A Simple Method for Collection of Gunshot Residues From Clothing. J. Forensic Sei Soc, 1991 31: 321-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-7368(91)73164-2

Matricardi VK, Kilty JW. Detection of Gunshot Residue Particles from the Hands of a Shooter. J. Forensic Sei, 1977: 22: 725-38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1520/JFS10411J

Zeichner A, Levin N. Collection Efficiency of Gunshot Residue (GSR) Particles from Hair and Hands llsing Double-Side Adhesive Tape. J. Forensic Sei, 1999: 38:. 571-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1520/JFS13441J

Varetta L. The Use of Plasma Ashing on Samples for Detection of Gunshot Residues with Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Anali- ysis (SEM-EDS) J. Forensic Sei, 1990: 35: 964-70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1520/JFS12912J

Moaura A, Falso G. Identification of Ammunitions Used in a Lethal Rabbery. Comparison Between Scanning Electron Microscopy/ Energy Dispersive X-Ray vnalysis ( SEM/EDX) AND instrumental Neuron Activation Analysis ( İNAA) Measurements. J. Forensic Sei, 1993 38-, 1237-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1520/JFS13530J

Dimaio VJM, Dana SE, Taylor WE, Ondrusek J. Use of Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis ( SEM/ EDXA) in identification of Foreign Material on Bullets. J Forensic Sci, 1987: 32: 38- 47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1520/JFS12324J

Gunaratnam L, Himberg K. The identification of Gunshot Residue Particles From Lead-Free Sintox Ammunition. J. Forensic Sei, 1994: 39: 532-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1520/JFS13626J

Andrasko J, Maehly AC. Detection of Gunshot Residues on Hands by Scanning Electron Microscopy. J.Forensic Sei, 1977:22:279-87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1520/JFS10589J

Caymaz A. Doktora Tezi. Model yangınlarda yangın hızlandırıcılarının saptanması ve bunların is oluşumundaki etkileri, İstanbul Üniversitesi Adli Tıp Enstitüsü, İstanbul. 1997 :25-30,

Delplace M, Vos E. Electric Short Circuits Help The investigator Determine Where the Fire Started: Fire Tecnology, 1983 : 19 :19-20 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02378698

Ettling BVA. Guide for Interpreting Damage to Electrical Wires: Fire- Arson Investigation, 1983: 37 : 46- 47.

NFPA Codes Manuel for the Determination of Electrical Fire Causes, Printed in Qincy, Masacusets, USA, 1992:11: 907

Erbil H. İmalat Ansiklopedisi (Dördüncü Baskı) İnkılap-Aka Kitapevleri, Ankara Ofset Basım Evi, İstanbul, 1992: 97-8

Akbaş O. Kriminal Laboratuvar Kimya Bölümü Pratik Uygulamaları. İstanbul Üniversitesi Adli Tıp Enstitüsü Fen Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul, 1994: 107-127.

Shreve RN, Brink JA. (çev: Çataltaş Aİ.) Kimyasal Proses Endüstrileri, İnkılap-Aka Basımevi, İstanbul, 1983: 539-67.

Kelley CM. "Paint" in Crime Scene Search and Physical Evidence Handbook, Washington D.C, Washington Deparman of Justice. 1973: 150-2.

La Folette CB. "Paint" in Criminal investigation and Physical Evidence Handbook, Wisconsin Department of Justice, Wisconsin,1981:130-3.

Williams JC. " Paint" in Physical Evidence Manual. Oregon State Police Crime Laboratory, Oregon, 1982: 43-6.

Janam R, Taneja OP, Singh RB. Discrimination of paint sample by X-Ray Diffraction Technique. J. Indian Academy of Forensic Sei 1998.37:15-24.

Adelman HC, Peterson PC, Sorger LJ. Identification of Wooden Instrument by Scanning Electron Microscopy from Splinters Left in Victim. [.Forensic Sei, 1988; 33: 787-96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1520/JFS12490J

Downloads

Published

2001-04-01

Issue

Section

Review

How to Cite

1.
Büken B, Üner HB, Çetinkaya Ümit, Çağdır AS, Kırangil Şerife B. The Use of Scanning Electron Microscope in Forensic Sciences. Bull Leg Med [Internet]. 2001 Apr. 1 [cited 2025 Sep. 7];6(1):23-31. Available from: https://www.adlitipbulteni.com/index.php/atb/article/view/449