Comparison of The Greulich-Pyle And Tanner-Whitehouse Methods for The Detection of Bone Age
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17986/blm.2020.v25i1.1339Keywords:
chronological age, bone age, hand and wrist radiograph, Greulich and Pyle atlas, Tanner Whitehouse methodAbstract
Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the most commonly used Greulich-Pyle atlas and Tanner-Whitehouse methods in the evaluation of left wrist radiography for bone age determination due to its medical and forensic importance in pediatric period.
Materials and Methods: For this study, 150 girls between 11-16 years of age and 210 boys between 11-18 years of age are chosen. A total of 360 cases are separated into 12 groups according to their sex and age. The left wrist radiographs of the cases are evaluated retrospectively. The bone age in these cases are determined with the GP atlas, the TW2 and TW3 methods. RUS scores that are mostly applied in TW methods are used. The relation between methods and chronological age, difference and usability are researched.
Results: In general, TW2 overestimated and TW3 underestimated the ages. In GP method, the differences between chronological age and bone age are not significant whereas in TW3 method the differences are significant.
Conclusion: According to the results, the GP atlas was the more applicable method for the age groups included in this study.
Downloads
References
Tuncel E,Klinik Radyoloji, Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, Genişletilmiş 2.baskı, İstanbul,2012
Gök Ş. Erölçer N. Özen C. Adli tıpta yaş tayini. 2. baskı, Adli Tıp Kurumu Yayınları, İstanbul; 1985
Bull R.K. Edwards P.D. Kemp P.M. Fly S. Hughes I.A. Bone age assessment: a large scale comparison of the Greulich and Pyle, and Tanner and Whitehouse (TW2) methods. Achieves of Disease in Childhood. 1999, 81 (2) : 172-3. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.81.2.172 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.81.2.172
Groell R, Lindbichler F, Riepl T, Gherra L, Roposch A, Fotter R. The reliability of bone age determination in Central European children using the Greulich and Pyle method. Br J Radiol 1999; 72: 461–4. https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr.72.857.10505010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr.72.857.10505010
MartinDD, WitJM, Hochberg Z et al (2011) The use of bone age in clinical practice-part1. Horm Res Paediatr 76:1–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000329372
Baransel Isır A, Dülger HE.1998-2005 yılları arasında Gaziantep Üniversitesi Adli Tıp Anabilim Dalında raporlandırılan yaş tayini olgularının irdelenmesi. Türkiye Klinikleri Adli Tıp Dergisi 2007;4 (1) 16.
Çöloğlu AS. Kemik ve diş gelişimini etkileyen faktörler yaş tayini çalışmalarındaki önemi. Adli Tıp Dergisi 1987; 3 (1-4) : 117-122
Baransel A, Dülger HE, Seçkin B. Yaş Tashihi Tespitinde Hipogonadotropik Hipogonadizm Hastalığı Teşhisinin Önemi (Olgu Sunumu). Anadolu Tıp Dergisi 2004; 6 (1) : 31-34.
Cameron N , Assessment of maturation. In: Cameron N, Bogin B (Eds) Human growth and development, 2nd edition. Academic Press, Amsterdam, London (2012)
Korkut M, Tüzün B, Korkut S ve ark. Ülkemizde adli tıp uygulamalarında karşılaşılan güçlükler ve çözüm önerileri. Klinik Adli Tıp 2001; 1 (1) : 9-21.
Bilgin N, Çekin N, Gülmen M.K ve ark. Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Adli Tıp Anabilim Dalı’na başvuran yaş tayini olgularının retrospektif değerlendirilmesi. Mersin Üniv. Tıp Fak. Dergisi 2003;2: 140-144.
Ashizawa K, Kumakura C, Zhou X, Jin F, Cao J. RUS skeletal maturity of childeren in Beijing . Ann Hum Biol.2005;32316-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014460500087725 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03014460500087725
Greulich W.W. Pyle S.I. Radiographic atlas of Skeletal Development of the hand-wrist. 2nd edition. Carlifonia. Stanford University Press, 1959. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00000441-195909000-00030
Tanner J. et all. Assessment of Skeletal Maturity and Prediction of the Adult Height (TW2 Method). London/New York, Academic Press, 1983
Tanner JM, Healy MJR, Goldstein NH, Cameron N. Assessment of skeletal maturity and prediction of adult height (TW3 Method). 3rd ed. London: W.B. Saunders, 2001
Roche A.F.A study of skeletal maturation in a group of Melbourn children. Aust. Paediatr. J. 1967; 3: 123-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.1967.tb01695.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.1967.tb01695.x
B. Büken, O.U. Erzengin, E. Büken, A.A. Şafak, B. Yazici, Z. Erkol, Comparison of the three age estimation methods: which is more reliable for Turkish children? Forensic Sci. Int. 183 (2009) 103, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.10.012 e1–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.10.012
B. Büken, A.A. Şafak, B. Yazici, E. Büken, A.S. Mayda, Is the assessment of bone age by the Greulich-Pyle method reliable at forensic age estimation for Turkish children? Forensic Sci. Int.173 (2007) 146–153, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.02.023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.02.023
Cantekin K, Celikoglu M, Miloglu O, Dane A, Erdem A. Bone age assessment: The applicability of the Greulich-Pyle method in eastern Turkish children. J Forensic Sci. 2012;57:679–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.02035.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.02035.x
Ozge Erken Gungor, Mevlut Celikoglu,Burak Kale, Ahmet Yalcin Gungor, Zafer Sari The reliability of the Greulich and Pyle atlas when applied to a Southern Turkish population Eur J Dent. 2015 Apr-Jun; 9 (2) : 251–254. https://doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.156846 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.156846
Koc A, Karaoglanoglu M, Erdogan M, Kosecik M, Cesur Y. Assessment of bone ages: Is the Greulich-Pyle method sufficient for Turkish boys? Pediatr Int. 2001;43:662–5. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-200X.2001.01470.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-200X.2001.01470.x
Büken B, Alper A et al. Is the Tanner–Whitehouse (TW3) method sufficiently reliable for forensic age determination of Turkish children?, Turk J Med Sci 2010; 40 (5) : 797-805. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-0808-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-0808-6
Yılmazer Ö. Adli Tıp Kurumu’nda yaş tayininde kullanılan yöntemin verimlilik açısından değerlendirilmesi. Uzmanlık Tezi, İstanbul, 2006
Öztürk, F., Karataş, O. H., Mutaf, H. I., & Babacan, H. (2015). Bone age assessment: comparison of children from two different regions with the Greulich–Pyle method In Turkey. AustralianJournalofForensicSciences, 48 (6) , 694–703. https://doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2015.1119311 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2015.1119311
V. Pinchi, F. De Luca, F. Ricciardi, M. Focardi, V. Piredda, E. Mazzeo, G.A. Norelli, Skeletal age estimation for forensic purposes: A comparison of GP, TW2 and TW3 methods on an Italian sample, Forensic Science International 238 (2014) 83-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.02.030 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.02.030
Zhang A, Sayre JW, Vachon L, Liu BJ, Huang HK (2009) Racial differences in growth patterns of children assessed on the basis of bone age. Radiology 250:228–235. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol. 2493080468 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2493080468
Alshamrani K, Offiah AC, Applicability of two commonly used bone age assessment methods to twenty-fist century UK children. Eur Radiol. 2019 Aug 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-019-06300-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-019-06300-x
Schmeling A, Schulz R, Danner B, Rösing FW (2006) The impact of economic progress and modernization in medicine on the ossification of hand and wrist.IntJ Legal Med120:121–126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-005-0007-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-005-0007-4
Dahlbergö PS, Mosdøl A, Ding Yetal (2019) A systematic review of the agreement between chronological age and skeletal age basedon the Greulich and Pyle atlas. Eur Radiol 29:2936–2948. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-018-5718-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-018-5718-2
De Donno A, Santoro V, Lubelli S, Marrone M, Lozito P, Introna F. Age assessment using the Greulich and Pyle method on a heterogeneous sample of 300 Italian healthy and pathologic subjects. Forensic Sci Int. 2013;229:157e1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.03.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.03.002
I. de Sousa Dantas, A. dos Anjos Pontual, M.S.C. Almeida, M.I.H.M. de Lucena, R. T. Beltrão, F.M. de Moraes Ramos-Perez, et al., Evaluation of the Greulich and Pyle method in the determination of bone age and chronological age in a Brazilian population, Derecho Cambio Soc. 12 (2015) 1–14
Benjavongkulchai, S., Pittayapat, P. (2018). Age estimation methods using hand and wrist radiographs in a group of contemporary Thais. Forensic Science International, 287, 218.e1–218.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.03.045 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.03.045
Dashnee Govender, Matthew Goodier , Bone of contention: The applicability of the Greulich– Pyle method for skeletal age assessment in South Africa SA Journal of Radiology,
Schmeling A, Reisinger W, Loreck D et al. Effects of etnicity on skeletal maturation: Consequences for forensic age estimations. Int J Legal Medicine 2000; 113: 253-258 https://doi.org/10.1007/s004149900102 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s004149900102
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
The Journal and content of this website is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) License. The Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) allows users to copy, distribute and transmit an article, adapt the article and make commercial use of the article. The CC BY license permits commercial and non-commercial re-use of an open access article, as long as the author is properly attributed.